Social Anxiety Disorder

What are Fear and Anxiety?

Fear and anxiety are fundamental emotional responses that humans universally experience. Fear is typically triggered by an immediate threat or danger, prompting a reaction to protect oneself in the present moment. In contrast, anxiety is characterized by apprehension or concern about a future event that is perceived as threatening. Both fear and anxiety activate mechanisms designed to address environmental threats, thereby contributing to our survival. However, challenges arise when these emotional responses occur without any actual danger, leading to distress and disruption in daily life.

 

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of social situations. Individuals with SAD often worry that they will be criticized or judged negatively in social contexts, such as being seen as incompetent, boring, or awkward. They may also fear that visible symptoms of anxiety, such as blushing or trembling, will become apparent and lead to ridicule or embarrassment.

To alleviate this anxiety, people with SAD might avoid social situations altogether or engage in “protective” behaviors, such as preparing conversation topics in advance or avoiding areas with bright lighting to prevent their blushing from being noticed. Since social interactions are a significant part of daily life, persistent anxiety can severely affect a person’s ability to function in both personal and professional settings, making it challenging to navigate everyday activities.

 

Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder

The symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder can vary significantly in terms of intensity, frequency, and duration. Common signs include:

• An overwhelming, persistent fear of social situations
• Heightened anxiety when participating in social interactions
• Fear of experiencing visible anxiety symptoms (such as sweating or blushing) that may lead to embarrassment
• Difficulty performing or speaking in social settings due to anxiety
• Avoidance of social situations: This may involve avoiding activities such as phone conversations, dining with others, or attending social events due to the fear of being judged or uncomfortable.
• Avoiding eye contact: Individuals with SAD may deliberately avoid making eye contact with others, as they fear it may draw attention to them or expose their anxiety.

 

What is the difference between Social Anxiety Disorder and “non-pathological” shame/anxiety?

It is common for individuals to experience feelings of anxiety or shame in social situations from time to time. However, in the case of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), these emotions are not fleeting or mild. The anxiety is persistent, intense, and often feels overwhelming. Unlike the temporary discomfort that many people experience in social settings, individuals with SAD may become preoccupied with their anxiety long before the social event occurs. They may also continue to ruminate on the experience afterward, focusing on how they behaved or what they could have done differently. This ongoing cycle of worry and distress distinguishes SAD from non-pathological anxiety or shame, which typically subsides once the social interaction has ended.

 

Psychotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)  have been rigorously tested and proven to be effective treatment options for Social Anxiety Disorder.

Below, you will find valuable resources and research supporting the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in treating Social Anxiety Disorder, as well as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for addressing various anxiety disorders:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder | Society of Clinical  Psychology (div12.org)
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Mixed Anxiety Disorders | Society of Clinical Psychology (div12.org)

In some instances, treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder may involve a combination of psychotherapy and medication-psychiatric monitoring.

During our therapy sessions, we will thoroughly examine your anxiety symptoms and assess your broader needs to develop a comprehensive understanding of your challenges. Then, we will create a tailored treatment plan to address your difficulties. Further details about my therapeutic approach can be found in the relevant section.